Today this matching is done more with STR (short tandem repeat) PCR testing than RFLP, as it uses PCR you can get away with a lot less starting sample (a fragment of hair shaft even). The STRs are known to change length pretty quick, and more than two mismatches in any two tests is what I've seen for disqualifying those two samples as being from the same individual.
If you were looking elsewhere in the DNA, the mtDNA changes enough that we've called it a molecular clock, but even siblings can share the same variable region sequences so it doesn't 'tick' too fast, since recombination isn't present in the mtDNA.
If your friend is interested more, they can look through info here, there's a lot of great presentations (around the turn of the century, so much info is still very relevant)
On Sat, Dec 29, 2012 at 7:30 AM, Jeswin <phillyj101@gmail.com> wrote:
My friend asked me this question about how close a match will be in
the following situation:
"Let's say x child belongs to couple XX and y child belongs to couple
YY. If XX and YY are siblings and we compare y child to XX parent
DNA, what the degree of matching between them?"
I don't know much about this and I only covered basics in class many
years ago so I couldn't give much of an answer. He wanted to know how
close their DNA will match or if it was possible to differentiate with
a reasonable level of confidence.
Any ideas?
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