The researchers, led by Bruce Spiegelman, Ph.D., discovered that unlike other exercise-related proteins that burn fat, Metrnl works mainly through the immune system, rather than directly on fat cells. Metrnl activates an alternative molecular pathway by which immune cells are recruited to enter fatty tissue, where they trigger the fat-burning process.
"The idea of a protein acting primarily through the immune cells in the fat is pretty amazing, at least in our view," Dr. Spiegelman said.
The Metrnl findings come two years after the Spiegelman group isolated a different protein, irisin, produced in muscles by endurance as opposed to resistance exercise, which stimulates Metrnl secretion. Irisin also promotes the browning of fat to release energy and causes mice to lose weight; like Metrnl, irisin improves glucose tolerance, which helps prevent diabetes."
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