Short answer is, electroporation opens the cell, electrophoresis moves your DNA in, but also any other ions too. This applies similarly for the inner contents, they may move out... Given enough time. I think the key is concentration of exogenous DNA is great enough that it's just outside of the cell when the pores form, and your open time is just enough for the length of the molecule to move inside before the pores close.
As for the nucleus, I'm not sure I've seen anything on what happens to the nucleus, whether pores also form in there. It's an interesting question that I'm sure I could get sucked into a good day or more of searching and digging through references.
On Sun, Jan 24, 2021, 11:45 AM Andreas "Mega" Stuermer <andreas.t.stuermer@gmail.com> wrote:
Hi guys,A question came up that I found interesting.Electroporation is a standard method in vitro and in vivo.The DNA swims around next to the cells, and then the electrical pulses drag the DNA through the membrane. And the membranes might also have developed pores from the shock.Why isn't the DNA from the nucleus pulled out of the cell? Its backbone is negatively charged as well. I assume that the cell as a whole has a charge (the neagtively charged membrane builds a faraday-like cage??) and thus the cell is deformed, but the charge within the cell is homogenous?I mean, electroporation would not work if the nuclear DNA would just be dragged out of the cell so I assume that is what heppens.Would be cool to see if anyone has deeper insight--
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